Waves and Optics Path
Waves and light reward visual thinking, so this path leans on diagrams and simulations. Build from simple harmonic motion through wave behavior to sound, then follow light through reflection, refraction and optical instruments.
Module 1: Oscillations and wave basics
Oscillations and the universal wave equation v = fλ.
Learn
- Simple Harmonic Motion — Springs, Pendulums and x = A cos(ωt)
- Wave Speed, Frequency and Wavelength — v = fλ Explained
Practice
Module 2: Wave behavior
Wave types, superposition, interference, and standing waves.
Learn
- Transverse vs Longitudinal Waves — Definitions and Examples
- Wave Interference — Constructive and Destructive Superposition
- Standing Waves and Resonance — Nodes, Antinodes and Harmonics
Practice
Module 3: Sound
How sound works and why pitch changes with motion.
Learn
Practice
Module 4: Reflection and refraction
Light at boundaries: mirrors, bending, and fiber optics.
Learn
- Law of Reflection — Angle of Incidence Equals Angle of Reflection
- Refraction and Snell's Law — Why Light Bends
- Total Internal Reflection — Critical Angle and Fiber Optics
Practice
Module 5: Lenses and instruments
Image formation and the instruments built on it — cameras, microscopes, telescopes.
Learn
- Lenses and Image Formation — Converging vs Diverging
- Mirrors and Image Formation — Concave vs Convex
- Optical Instruments — Cameras, Microscopes, Telescopes
Practice
Module 6: Wave optics
The wave nature of light: polarization, interference and diffraction.
Learn
- Polarization of Light — Filters, Malus's Law, Sunglasses
- Interference and Diffraction of Light — Double Slit Explained
- Diffraction of Waves — Bending Around Corners, Simply Explained