Newton's Second Law Calculator (F = ma)

Newton's second law, F = ma, links the net force on an object to its mass and acceleration. Enter any two values and solve for the third, with automatic unit conversion and full working.

How to interpret the result

Force and acceleration are directly proportional for a fixed mass: double the force and you double the acceleration. For a fixed force, acceleration is inversely proportional to mass — the same push accelerates a bicycle far more than a truck.

Assumptions

• F is the net (resultant) force on the object
• Mass stays constant during the acceleration
• Motion along a straight line; direction given by the sign